Medical Terminology Daily - Est. 2012

Medical Terminology Daily (MTD) is a blog sponsored by Clinical Anatomy Associates, Inc. as a service to the medical community. We post anatomical, medical or surgical terms, their meaning and usage, as well as biographical notes on anatomists, surgeons, and researchers through the ages. Be warned that some of the images used depict human anatomical specimens.

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A Moment in History

Georg Eduard Von Rindfleisch

Georg Eduard Von Rindfleisch
(1836 – 1908)

German pathologist and histologist of Bavarian nobility ancestry. Rindfleisch studied medicine in Würzburg, Berlin, and Heidelberg, earning his MD in 1859 with the thesis “De Vasorum Genesi” (on the generation of vessels) under the tutelage of Rudolf Virchow (1821 - 1902). He then continued as a assistant to Virchow in a newly founded institute in Berlin. He then moved to Breslau in 1861 as an assistant to Rudolf Heidenhain (1834–1897), becoming a professor of pathological anatomy. In 1865 he became full professor in Bonn and in 1874 in Würzburg, where a new pathological institute was built according to his design (completed in 1878), where he worked until his retirement in 1906.

He was the first to describe the inflammatory background of multiple sclerosis in 1863, when he noted that demyelinated lesions have in their center small vessels that are surrounded by a leukocyte inflammatory infiltrate.

After extensive investigations, he suspected an infectious origin of tuberculosis - even before Robert Koch's detection of the tuberculosis bacillus in 1892. Rindfleisch 's special achievement is the description of the morphologically conspicuous macrophages in typhoid inflammation. His distinction between myocardial infarction and myocarditis in 1890 is also of lasting importance.

Associated eponyms

"Rindfleisch's folds": Usually a single semilunar fold of the serous surface of the pericardium around the origin of the aorta. Also known as the plica semilunaris aortæ.

"Rindfleisch's cells": Historical (and obsolete) name for eosinophilic leukocytes.

Personal note: G. Rindfleisch’s book “Traité D' Histologie Pathologique” 2nd edition (1873) is now part of my library. This book was translated from German to French by Dr. Frédéric Gross (1844-1927) , Associate Professor of the Medicine Faculty in Nancy, France. The book is dedicated to Dr. Theodore Billroth (1829-1894), an important surgeon whose pioneering work on subtotal gastrectomies paved the way for today’s robotic bariatric surgery. Dr. Miranda.

Sources:
1. "Stedmans Medical Eponyms" Forbis, P.; Bartolucci, SL; 1998 Williams and Wilkins
2. "Rindfleisch, Georg Eduard von (bayerischer Adel?)" Deutsche Biographie
3. "The pathology of multiple sclerosis and its evolution" Lassmann H. (1999)  Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 354 (1390): 1635–40.
4. “Traité D' Histologie Pathologique” G.E.
Rindfleisch 2nd Ed (1873) Ballieres et Fils. Paris, Translated by F Gross


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Book Cover, cropped
Book cover, cropped


I recently added a new book to my library. It is in Spanish and titled "La Forma Humana de la Línea", which can be loosely translated to "The Human Form of the Line", referring to the hand-drawn images of human skeletal anatomy in the book.

"La forma humana de la línea" Katherine Estrada Suazo. ISBN 9789564021898, 2020. América Impresores. Valdivia, Chile

This is an extraordinary book that depicts in 90 pages and 40 plates the human bony anatomy in beautiful detail using a technique described by Leonardo Da Vinci in his “Trattato della Pittura” (A Treatise on Painting), chapter CXXVI. The author, Katherine Estrada Suazo, draws in hyperrealist detail single bones, a full skeleton, fetal skeletons in a seldom seen detail.

The introduction, the words of the artist, the analysis of Leonardo Da Vinci's technique, and the closing comments are a rare form of high level prose with mastery of the Spanish language that reads almost like poetry.

The book itself is a printing marvel. An uncommon large size (9½ by 15¾ inches/24 by 40 cm.), in a high quality acid-free heavy paper, with beautiful typesetting. The book also includes one large insert measuring 29½ by 9 inches (75 by 23 cm).

This work was supported by Morphology Professor, Patricia Hernández Coliñir at the Anatomy Unit of the Medical School of the Universidad Austral de Chile in the city of Valdivia, where it was printed by the América Impresores printing press. The author also received support from the Chilean government through the Regional FONDART (Regional Ministerial Secretary of Culture, Arts and Heritage). As far as I understand, this book is not for sale, which makes it a rare book.

I became aware of this book at the XLIII Annual Chilean Meeting of Anatomy, where I was invited to present the conference I delivered initially in May 2023 at the University of Antwerp, Belgium. An anatomy professor of the Universidad Austral de Chile, Ana Barriga K., had a copy of the book that was gifted to Dr. Carlos Machado, a good friend and famous medical illustrator of Netter’s Anatomy Atlas.

The road to obtaining the copy of the book included contacting the author and with the help of Professor Barriga, and a friend from Chile, the book went from Valdivia (Chile) to Santiago (Chile), to Mexico, and the US. This copy is dedicated by the author as follows: “Dedicated to Dr. Efrain Miranda. Signed in Valdivia, June 2024”, followed by her signature.

In a recent conversation with the author, she stated that "restricting access to this publication was never my intention", and although having the signed book for me is very important, Ms. Estrada has authorized the open download of the digital edition of the book in PDF format, which you can download here. (19 Mb)

Personal remark: As a side note, the city of Valdivia in Chile, where this book was designed and printed, is the city where my mother was born. Dr. Miranda


Plate 1: Cranium, superolateral view
Lámina1: Cráneo, vista súperolateral


Recientemente agregué un nuevo libro a mi biblioteca. Está en español y se titula "La Forma Humana de la Línea", en referencia a las imágenes dibujadas a mano de la anatomía esquelética humana que aparecen en el libro.

"La forma humana de la línea" Katherine Estrada Suazo. ISBN 9789564021898, 2020. América Impresores. Valdivia, Chile

Este es un libro extraordinario que describe en 90 páginas y 40 láminas la anatomía ósea humana con hermoso detalle utilizando una técnica descrita por Leonardo Da Vinci en su “Trattato della Pittura” (Tratado sobre la pintura), capítulo CXXVI. La autora, Katherine Estrada Suazo, dibuja con detalles hiperrealistas huesos individuales, un esqueleto completo y esqueletos fetales con un detalle pocas veces visto.

La introducción, las palabras del artista, el análisis de la técnica de Leonardo Da Vincy y los comentarios finales son una forma poco común de prosa de alto nivel con dominio del lenguaje español que se lee casi como poesía.

El libro en sí es una maravilla de impresión. Un tamaño grande poco común (9½ por 15¾ pulgadas/24 por 40 cm.), en un papel pesado libre de ácido de alta calidad, con una hermosa composición tipográfica. El libro también incluye un inserto grande que mide 29½ por 9 pulgadas (75 por 23 cm).
Este trabajo fue apoyado por la Profesora de Morfología, Patricia Hernández Coliñir en la Unidad de Anatomía de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Austral de Chile en la ciudad de Valdivia, donde también fue impreso por la imprenta América. El autor también recibió apoyo del gobierno de Chile a través del Fondart Regional (Secretaría Regional Ministerial de Cultura, las Artes y el Patrimonio). Según tengo entendido, este libro no está a la venta, lo que lo convierte en un libro raro.

Me enteré de este libro en la XLIII Reunión Anual Chilena de Anatomía, donde me invitaron a presentar la conferencia que di inicialmente en mayo de 2023 en la Universidad de Amberes, Bélgica. Una profesora de anatomía de la Universidad Austral de Chile, Ana Barriga K., tenía una copia del libro que fue obsequiada al Dr. Carlos Machado, un buen amigo y famoso ilustrador médico del Atlas de Anatomía de Netter.

El camino para obtener la copia del libro incluyó contactar al autor y con la ayuda de la profesora Barriga y un amigo de Chile, el libro viajó desde Valdivia (Chile) a Santiago (Chile), a México y a los Estados Unidos. Este ejemplar está dedicado por la autora de la siguiente manera: “Dedicado al Dr. Efraín Miranda. Firmado en Valdivia, junio de 2024”, seguido de su firma.

En una reciente conversación con la autora, ella afirmó que “nunca fue mi intención restringir el acceso a esta publicación”, y aunque tener el libro  firmado para mí es muy importante, la autora ha autorizado la descarga abierta de la edición digital del libro en formato PDF, que pueden descargar aquí. (19 Mb)

Observación personal: Como nota al margen, la ciudad de Valdivia en Chile donde se diseñó e imprimió este libro, es la ciudad donde nació mi madre. Dr. Miranda.